Abstract: Diene hydrocarbons and organic halides

\nunsaturated compounds containing two forficate baffles of the molecule, called diene hydrocarbons. They argon in like manner called dienes or diolefins.\nThe worldwide conformationula of CnH2n-2 compounds.\nBy systematic spoken language diene hydrocarbons be likewise referred to as ethylene, switch the suffix-ene-diene by (two forked bonds). The plant of apiece reprise bond is indicated by a number. Numerology produce so that these figures were less in series(p) number:\n quite an often impose rational and greens names (butadiene, isoprene, etc.). Properties diene hydrocarbons argon determined by their structure and, to a higher(prenominal) gear up all, the mutual position of the two treble bonds in the molecule. If these connections be close, they are called cumulated or allene: CH2 = C = CH2 (propadiene (hex)). deuce simulacrum bonds faecal matter be confused by unity single bond. such(prenominal) links are called conjugate or konyuktivirovannymi: CH2 = CH -CH = CH2 (butadiene-1, 3 (butadiene)). Dienes which molecules double bonds are stranded by two or more(prenominal) single bonds are called dienes with isolated or non-conjugated bonds:\nCH2 = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH2 (heptadiene - 1.6).\nOf these three types of diene hydrocarbons give up the greatest measure out dienes with conjugated double bonds. They are suitable to polymerize and form a polymer orbit materials.\n2. Methods for obtaining\nConsider most of the ways to go far the most crucial representatives of diene hydrocarbons - alkadienes derivatives - 1.3.\n1. Butadiene and isoprene drop be recovered from the pyrolysis of rock crude products.\nPyrolysis: steam picnic at higher temperatures (650-9000S) and atmospheric pressure.\n caloric pushover: suave phase process, bear upon of heavy carve ups and residues of petroleum oils and light fractions - kerosene, flatulence oil at 470-5400S and 3,9-5,9 MPa pressure, and vapor-phase process, processing tar, bitumen and cracking residues at 550-6000C and atmospheric pressure.\n2. The main industrial process for producing butadiene - 1.3 (butadiene) is the dehydrogenation of n-butane or n-butene over a chromium-aluminum gas (chromium oxide on alumina)\nDehydrogenation of isopentane or izoallenov (pentane-pentene fraction gas oil cracking) obtained isoprene:\nThe process of obtaining of isoprene harder than obtaining butadiene-1, 3, as in the dehydrogenation conditions can put one over divergent isomers.\n3. Butadiene and isoprene glycol drying up also receive:\n4. First snip in our soil butadiene was obtained by catalytic conversion of ethyl alcohol by Lebedev (1931g.). This order was consequently used as a origination for the industrial price reduction of butadiene. The process takes place using degidratiruyusche-dehydrogenation catalyst (Al2O3 - ZnO) at 4500S:\nCurrently, however, this method is not wide used.